Core Paper V ANATOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS Unit-I (i) Introduction and scope of Plant Anatomy: Applications in systematics, forensics and pharmacognosy. (ii) Tissues: Classification of tissues; Simple and complex tissues (no phylogeny); cytodifferentiation of tracheary elements and sieve elements; Pits and plasmodesmata; Cell wall ingrowths and transfer cells, adcrustation and incrustation, Ergastic substances. Page 11 of 50 Unit-II (i) Stem: Organization of shoot apex (Apical cell theory, Histogen theory, Tunica Corpus theory, continuing meristematic residue, cyto-histological zonation); Types of vascular bundles; Anatomy of dicot and monocot stem. Vascular Cambium: Structure, function and seasonal activity of cambium; secondary growth in stem (normal and anomalous). (ii) Leaf: Anatomy of dicot and monocot leaf, Kranz anatomy. Unit-III (i) Root: Organization of root apex (Apical cell theory, Histogen theory, Korper-Kappe theory); Quiescentcentre; Root cap; Anatomy of dicot and monocot root; Endodermis, exodermis and origin of lateral root. Secondary growth in roots. (ii) Wood: Axially and radially oriented elements; Types of rays and axial parenchyma; Cyclic aspects and reaction wood; Sapwood and heartwood; Ring and diffuse porous wood; Early and late wood, tyloses; Dendrochronology. (iii)Periderm: Development and composition of periderm, rhytidome and lenticels. Unit –IV (i) Adaptive and Protective Systems Epidermal tissue system, cuticle, epicuticular waxes, trichomes (uni-and multicellular, glandular and nonglandular: two examples of each), stomata (classification); Anatomical adaptations of xerophytes and hydrophytes. (ii) Secretory System: Hydathodes, cavities, lithocysts and laticifers.